小浴比溢喷染色机的结构特征

小浴比溢喷染色机的结构特征,主要包括主体染液独立循环系统,为加料提供一个稀释过程,可有效控制低浴比下敏感色的均匀上染.通过自动控制染色过程,可避免小浴比条件下出现的织物折痕、染色不匀等现象.     

气泡液膜法制备Ni_(0.7)Zn_(0.3)Fe_2O_4铁氧体的前驱体纳米粒子

采用新颖的气泡液膜法,将Zn2+、Ni2+和Fe3+与OH-的共沉淀反应在气泡液膜中完成,制备了Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体前驱体纳米粒子,经元素分析、FT-IR、XRD和SEM等表征。实验结果表明,前驱体较精确地保持了原料溶液中Zn2+、Ni2+和Fe3+的配料摩尔比。前驱体分别经300、400、500、600、700或800℃烧结,制得Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体,用XRD和VSM表征。结果表明,在700℃烧结制得的Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4铁氧体的粒径为26.92nm,磁饱和磁化强度sσ=64.22A.m2/kg,剩余磁化强度rσ=14.25A.m2/kg,内秉矫顽力jHc=16kA/m。将这种Ni-Zn铁氧体分散到合成油中,制成耐高温磁性液体。     

有机高分子絮凝剂对钛液沉降性能的影响

针对硫酸法钛白粉生产中钛液沉降净化过程,选用不同钛液沉降用商品絮凝剂,进行钛液沉降效果实验研究.分别从有机高分子絮凝剂的分子量、阳离子度、分子结构几方面研究其对钛液沉降效果的影响.结果表明,当絮凝剂的分子量在600～800万之间,阳离子度在36%～45%之间,其对钛液的沉降效果明显;絮凝剂结构也会影响到钛液沉降效果.     

氟化氢铵／氟化铵制氟化氢副产的酸液用于分解磷矿生产含氮过磷酸钙的实验研究

为了利用硫酸分解氟化氢铵／氟化铵制氟化氢副产的酸液（称残液）,实验研究残液分解磷矿制取过磷酸钙的适宜残液用量、熟化温度等对磷矿分解率及产品养分含量、性能的影响。实验结果：获得制取过磷酸钙适宜工艺条件,虽然最终磷转化率仅75％～85％,需对游离酸中和,达过磷酸钙合格品Ⅱ等品要求,但残液中有NH4^＋,产品总养分W（P2O5有效＋N）可达到16％以上。     

氯乙酸废母液制备稳定型二氧化氯研究

介绍了以氯乙酸废母液中一氯乙酸和二氯乙酸为原料制备稳定型二氧化氯的方法。通过三水平三因素正交实验确定了最佳工艺条件。     

电感耦合等离子体发射法测定造纸黑液中的硅

造纸黑液是造纸工业中碱法（烧碱法和硫酸盐法）制浆工艺产生的含有大量木质素的黑褐色液体。其中硅元素含量范围广。本文利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定了造纸黑液中硅含量。先干灰化法预处理样品,除去大部分有机成分,再用碳酸钠与硼酸的混合物作为熔剂在高温下熔融样品灰分中的硅。该方法精确可靠,可测定从痕量到百分含量的硅。方法的线性范围：0～10.0 mg.L-1;相关系数：r=0.9995;加标回收率：87.62%～93.03%;精密度：2.49～2.80%。     

黑液-蒙脱土/聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶热塑性弹性体的制备及性能研究

采用蒙脱土对造纸黑液中的木质素进行絮凝沉淀,制备黑液-蒙脱土复合物(BL-MMT),然后将其应用于聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶(PVC/NBR)热塑性弹性体,并对其力学性能、耐老化性能及热降解性能进行测试。结果表明:随着BL-MMT中木质素蒙脱土比例增大,热塑性弹性体力学性能先增大后减小,适宜配比m(木质素)∶m(蒙脱土)=1∶1。BL-MMT份数增大,热塑性弹性体力学性能先增大后减小,20份时出现最大值。BL-MMT填充的PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体与添加炭黑和碳酸钙相比,力学性能和热性能相当,而耐老化性能更为优越。黑液-蒙脱土复合物可望用作PVC/NBR热塑性弹性体的补强剂。     

Gasification of diosgenin solid waste for hydrogen production in supercritical water

The potential of diosgenin solid waste (DSW) to be a proper feedstock for hydrogen production from supercritical water gasification was assessed through thermodynamic analysis and experimental study. The thermodynamic analysis of DSW gasification in SCW was performed by Aspen Plus software based on the principle of minimum Gibbs free energy. The effects of temperature (500–650 °C), flow ratio of feedstock slurry to preheated water on the gasification were studied. K₂CO₃ and black liquor were used to catalyze the gasification of DSW. The morphological structures of DSW and residue char were characterized by SEM. The results showed that DSW was almost completely gasified at 650 °C without catalyst and the carbon gasification efficiency reached up to 98.55%. K₂CO₃ could significantly promote the gasification reactivity of DSW at a lower temperature. H₂ yield was remarkably improved by adding black liquor. The SEM analysis indicated that parts of the organic matters reacted to form gases and liquid products, and K₂CO₃ was found to migrate into the residue char during the reactions.     

Methanogenesis of black liquor in a two‐stage biphasic reactor system using an immobilized cell system

The methanogenesis of black liquor from pulp and paper mill was achieved using immobilized cell technology in a laboratory‐scale two‐stage reactor system run continuously for 340 days. The optimum organic loading rate for the anaerobic treatment of black liquor was 8.0 kgm^?3d^?1 at which the % COD removal, biogas production and methane content were 55%, 11 dm³d^?1 and 71%, respectively. Organic loading rates above 8.0 kgm^?3d^?1 were observed to be toxic to the methanogenic bacteria and resulted in decreased methane content, biogas and COD removal. The applicability of the system to the large‐scale processing and treatment of paper mill liquid waste is discussed. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Batch and continuous studies on treatment of pulp mill wastewater by Aeromonas formicans

Batch and continuous studies have been conducted on the treatment of black liquor from a kraft pulp and paper mill by a bacterial strain, Aeromonas formicans. The results of batch studies revealed that the strain was able to remove 71% and 78% of COD and lignin respectively, while the colour removal efficiency was around 86% in 10 days of retention time. The analysis of lignin degradation products by gas chromatography after 20 days of incubation revealed the formation of some phenolic acids, which were responsible for the decrease in pH during batch studies. The removal efficiencies of COD, colour and lignin obtained in continuous reactor studies were 73, 88 and 77% respectively for an 8 day detention period and these efficiencies were almost the same as obtained in batch studies. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry